1. Turmoil - The Heat Is On Crack Knuckles
2. Turmoil The Game
3. Turmoil - The Heat Is On Crackle
4. Turmoil - The Heat Is On Crack Filler
5. Turmoil Free

Gamious’ tongue-in-cheek simulator has been a cult hit ever since it launched back in 2016 with it’s procedurally generated levels and ridiculously addictive gameplay.

Now with brand new expansion – The Heat Is On – Turmoil has received some significant upgrades, a few of them game-changing.

What’s new, pardner?

The big difference – as the title suggests – is the addition of magma. At first, your pipes won’t be able to pierce through the molten substance, so you’ll need to visit new man in town, Jack, to make sure you’re kitted out.

As a division of Blackstone, the cash at Custom Truck One Source has been free-flowing, though I suspect they are now feeling the heat as well. By Heavy-Truck Dealer. Creditors trying to repossess trucks over the weekend; thousands of drivers on the road, some stranded; employees left in the dark; shares plunge 93% at the open, from nearly. Turmoil - The Heat Is On is a brand new campaign with tons of oil to dig up and convert into cash! It is designed to make you feel right at home, but at the same time offer lots of new mechanics and fun features. Here's what you can expect! A new town (and mayor!) and a.

But what does magma do, you ask? Apart from frazzle your fringe, it also speeds up the flow of oil through your pipes. Oh, oh, not those pipes. I just mean….

…Ahem! Anyway, if your rig is connected to both a flow of magma and oil, and you have conductivity, you will drain the pool more quickly, enabling you to dig around elsewhere and look for other sources. Dammit…

As you can imagine, that has both positive and negative connotations. For instance, if your field has limited resources, then you might drain away one of a few pools you have and be left with nothing.

Want to win a copy of the game? Make sure you enter our competition!

Positively, though, if you’re rich with resources and the timer is ticking down, then you can make lots of money and get through an area faster than ever. In that regard, this is a gamechanger.

And it’s a decent sized campaign, too with a three seperate areas to work through, each one providing you with new upgrades to add to your collection.

However, Gamious have taken the opportunity to fundamentally tweak the Turmoil experience as well. For instance, the Mayor in The Heat is On doesn’t charge you for tips, you can just ask and he’ll provide. I always thought this was an unusual decision choice, so it’s nice to see Gamious agree, though they still haven’t changed things in the base game.

Turmoil - The Heat Is On Crack Knuckles

The entry point for natural gas is also available to you immediately. You don’t have to buy upgrades any more or reach a certain point in the game, you can just start reaping the rewards of connecting Left or Right Inc and watching as oil prices fly up. Again, a really nice touch, though one expert players might bemoan.

And there’s also a brand new treasure system through Anthony’s Undeground. Now you have to hunt for 9 very limited and rare underground treasures which can then be sold for money and additional in-game rewards to improve your output.

Treasures are layered into tiers, so, for example, in Tier 1 you need to find a golden nugget, silver ore and a quartz. The reward for doing this is a ‘juicy plot’ at the start of the next area.

Pretty jam-packed then?

I wasn’t even done! There’s also a new saloon to check out called Maeve’s and in addition to getting the same benefits of lower interest rates and stable oil prices, you can also win money by playing cards.

A simple Higher or Lower game where you can win $2,000 by deciding whether the next card in a row is higher or lower than the one with the face up. Simple, but effective, and a nice way to break things up while in town.

A tweaked Auction system has also been slotted in which lets you outbid your rivals with wads of cash, or you can play the strategic game and watch as they burn holes in their wallets with a decline into bankruptcy.

You can even strike up exclusivity deals with the Left or Right Oil Business to get cash boosts. There’s even some features I haven’t highlighted in here as it might ruin a surprise. But suffice it to say, The Heat Is On is more than just your average expansion.

Gamious have even added some new musical numbers and a wandering cat to mix things up a little bit. At £3.99, this not only gives you more Turmoil for your buck, but you’ll also get quite a different gaming experience with some excellent additions to keep you playing.

Conclusion

Ultimately, yes, this is just more of the same Turmoil. You still need to cart oil from rigs, earn lots of money, invest shares in the town on your path to becoming Mayor, and outlast your competition.

But some of the design choices have made this a more polished and interesting experience that adds greater playability for completionists, while also providing a more welcoming entry point for newcomers.

The Heat Is On isn’t going to change your mind about Turmoil, but it does tweak the game in various interesting and exciting new ways which makes it unmissable for existing fans.

Pros

+ Clever gameplay tweaks to both improve and nourish the experience
+ As addictive as ever
+ Auction system much more dynamic
+ Bargain price

Cons

– Additions not brought over to base game

Turmoil – The Heat Is On!

8 out of 10

Tested on PC

Code provided by the publisher

ALPINE TURMOIL

“Eiger Mordwand receives its first 8a rockroute” – “Scottish Grade 8 climbed on the Grandes Jorasses”, “Alex Huber freeclimbs at French 8c on trad gear in the Dolomites”.

We regularly readsuch amazing headlines about the huge rise in climbing standards across theAlps. Yet other changes, arguably with greater impact, have been taking placein the western Alps for almost a decade now. The first of these is the factthat our summers have been getting warmer for many years now making traditionalalpine mixed routes unsafe in the summer months of June, July and August.

This process has actuallybeen going on for many years but the result reached a pinnacle during the 2003summer. According toenvironmental historians, June 2003 was the hottest in 250 years – six to sevendegrees above the average. The result was thatinside the rock cracks within the mountain the heat melted the permafrost thatacts like bonding glue. As the adhesive disappeared the rock simply fell apart;as it begins to warm, permafrost loses its strength,making the cracks and joints in a rock face less stable. So even a generalincrease in ambient temperatures can have an affect, as temperatures don’t haveto rise above freezing to make a rock face become unstable. Because the alpine mountain rock is now generally verydry in summer this has led to the massive rockfall that we have seen over thelast few years.

This is not a 2 yearold phenomenon. The Petite Dru and the West Face of the Blatiere have been graduallycollapsing for up to 15 years now. The Petite Dru in particular is a goodexample of huge rock fall caused by the fact that the summit of the mountain wasall snow and ice which actually held the peak together. When the summit cone“dried out” 2 summers ago large sections of the peak fell down including theBonatti Pillar and many of the rock routes on the West Face. Because there was no unusual snowfall or rainfall to trigger theincidents, geologists suspected that thawing of the permanently frozen interiorof the rocks was to blame.

Other dramaticchanges over the last few years include the collapse of snow bridges on thelarge and popular alpine glaciers such as The Mer De Glace and Glacier Blancmaking snow access to routes problematic. This general glacial recession andmovement has in turn created more rock fall as in some areas the actual glacier can no longer support therock above it. The hot summers have also resulted in an increasein accidents as a number of the classic mixed faces have not been in conditionso climbers have been forced out to the sides and have fallen on the hard rockysections they have encountered. Again this is not a new phenomenon. In 1977 Iwas involved in a BSES expedition to SE Iceland where we gathered conclusiveproof of glacial recession that had clearly been gathering pace over more thana quarter of a century.

The reasons for theabove changes have been well documented elsewhere in this journal. So I willconcentrate on what climbers really want to know, and that is quite simplywhat’s in and what’s out! What routes or mountains in the alps have beenaffected long term and so are now considered too dangerous to attempt insummer, and those climbs that are still safe, fun and retain their “must do”status.

The Mt Blanc Massif:
Without doubt the biggest problems in the alps in the summer of 2003 occurredin the Mt Blanc massif. It was the first year that the mountains of the HauteSavoie really dried out and in many cases all that’s was left was dry, crumblygravel. In Saint Gervais, France, on October 17^th 2003, French researchers reported that Mt Blanc had shrunk by 2 meters(more than 6 feet) over the preceding two years due to the usually warm weather.Utilising the latest GPS measurements, it was stated that the peak,which had a recorded altitude of 4,810.4 metres (15,782 feet) in September 2001now stands at 4,808.45 metres (15,776 feet). This represents a loss of 1.95metres (6.4 feet), according to the topographic readings taken that month,which had a margin of error of 10 centimetres. A spokesman for the 19-memberresearch team, Pierre Bibollet, told journalists that the difference could beexplained by “the combined effect of the wind, which has worn down thepeak, and the temperature, because the snow was warmer and it got compressedfaster.”

So what actually happened that fateful summer of 2003? In the ChamonixValley from May-June things were pretty much as per most summer seasons. The mixedsnow and ice conditions were actually very good. But by mid July the mountainconditions had so altered that the Walker Spur on the Grandes Jorasses forinstance, had changed to a pure rock route, and climbers were able to leavetheir rock shoes on for the entire route.

Conditions on the glaciers were also very good with fast travel possibleover all glaciers in the “Valley” as they were in a totally “dry” state. But from10 August things started to go wrong. By now it had been 0 degrees or warmer onthe summit of Mt Blanc since mid June and big rockfalls could be heard up anddown the valley. In a normal summer season even in August temperatures at thesummit are between -5 and -15 degrees C. As for the Jorasses, no-one venturedonto the Walker Spur from approximatelythe 14^th August for the remainder of the season because of theincessant stone fall.

The mayor of Chamonix installed policeman on the glacier above the Les Houches train station and beforethe couloir leading to the Gouter Hut, warning people off as it was verydangerous below the hut. If you ignored the warning and insisted on proceeding,the policemen took your details so an easy identification could be made in theeventuality of death. Mt Blanc was never officially shut as the authorities drew away from such a course of action, but many accidentscontinued throughout the summer, including the evacuation of 50 mountaineers byhelicopter from the Gouter hut in July, when the stranded climbers could notsafely retreat down to the glacier. In total, it was estimated that there were20 deaths in 2003 from stonefall just around theGouter couloir.

The situation does not seem to have altered much the following year. Ispoke recently to a British climber who attempted the Gouter route in July2004. He said within a 3 day period on the mountain he personally witnessed 12helicopter rescues, and described the situation as a “war zone” with injuredalpinists constantly retreating from the route with cut or injured limbs due tothe ever present rock fall.

The Office De Haute Montagne (OHM) in Chamonix displayed a series ofphotographs from the middle of the summer showing wild images of largerockfalls on the Petite Dru (falls from the Bonatti to the couloir below andglacier), the Grand Charmoz, and the top of the Aiguille De Midi telepherique.Here the usually prominent snow cave at the entrance to the station disappeared in August, and the arête ridge issuingfrom the tunnel was reduced to just rock and scree rubble. The death of three members of the Equipe Jeunesse close tothe Grand Mulets refuge, a day after competing in the World Cup championshipsin Chamonix, was also widely publicised across the French media in August thatyear. The accident was attributed to serac collapse caused by the very hotsummer temperatures.

Other noteworthy routes in the Chamonix Valley that were affected by the2003 carnicule included the NW side of the Grand Charmoz. It is still unstableat the top and throughout the 2004 summer climbers reported seeing rockfall onor from the route. The Cordier Pillar is not in the direct line of fire but thebase is threatened, and rock dust was visible on the route at the end of the2003 summer season. In 2004 the rock on the route clearly settled down and the pillar was climbed manytimes that summer.

Any route using the Nantillons Glacier should still be treated withcaution as this was one of the worst affected areas in 2003 with many tons ofrock coming down it in July/August. If this was not enough Nikki Wallis, a NorthWales activist who sent me a full report on her alpine season that year, saidthat during her mid-August trip she actually saw two mountaineers nervouslymaking their way down the glacier around 19:00hrs at speed, unroped andrunning. They collapsed on the moraineonce safe, probably from nervous tension and relief! She thinks they may have come over from theother side not realising what it was like.

TheMt Blanc du Tacul glacier underwent the greatest change during 2003, necessitatingthe use of fixed ropes across the crevasses so guides could take clients upit. The largest recorded slot was over six meters wide, forcing climbers onto the rockridges to its side to avoid the glacier. It was the same story on the TourRonde. After the heavy snowfall in October, and November 2003 the crevassesseem to have been filled, and in 2004 no fixed ropes were necessary.

ThePetite Dru has been badly affected by rockfall over the last decade at least,and 2003 was certainly no exception. Really the only safe line in summer now isthe American Direct, Robbins and Hemming’s 1962 classic. In the summer months thereis now almost daily rockfall to the left and right of the route. Even theAmerican Direct was affected in 2003 when a large piece came off on the 90mcorner, above the “jammed block”. The Bonatti Pillar has mostly fallen down andmany were the tales of epic descents down the other side to the Charpoua Hut.The tourist path below the Charpoua also received a large rock and ice-fallacross it in 2003, so much so that much of the ‘fixed’ gear is either in a badstate or has gone completely. Thegeneral advice now if attempting the American Direct is to ab back down theroute. A recent ascentionist told methat there are now imminent falls waiting to happen on the upper part of theAmerican Direct, but I cannot confirm this as I have not heard it from anyother sources. But to give an idea how bad the rock is now, a guide told me thatwhen he first took clients on the normal traverse of the Drus in June 2003 hewas able to put a piton into a crack half way up the route. By the middle ofthe season he was able to put himself into the same crack!

Overon the North Face of the Petite Dru allthe snow disappeared from the niche in 2003, and the conditions had not greatlychanged in 2004. The general advice is only attempt routes such as The GuidesRoute or the classic North Face route when it’s dry. If not the melting snowcan cause dangerous objective hazards, and the face remains a serious alpine objective.

Onthe Aiguille de Moine the ice has retreated quite a bit, making the negotiationof the bergschrund a difficult undertaking,as is the case with many of the bergschrunds on traditionally easy (PD, AD)routes. This is due to the fact that the crevasses have really changed followingthe heatwave and have failed to have been restored during the winter snows. Thebase of the Nonne-Eveque-Cardinal ridge is a typical example of this, and theBoissons Glacier had big signs up saying don’t use for ice work, use the Mer DeGlace instead. These signsdisappeared in 2004, although the Mer de Glace is now the main sector for icetraining. The Boissons is out simply because it is more dangerous and theapproach to the Mer De Glace is really easy!

Anumber of climbers alerted me to the potential for a huge serac/ice fall fromthe NW side of the Aiguille Verte. Thereis a large crack opening up not far from the summit and if it went would carrywith it a massive volume of rock and ice. One to be aware of at least! The Dent Du Requien approach was also verydangerous in 2003. The Requien hut was closed accordingly as no one was goingup there due to the rockfall. This does not appear to have been the case thoughin 2004. The Envers hut was also very quiet because of the dangerous approach,and the bergschrund up to the Aiguille Du Roc was huge and dangerous in 2003.Again after the 03/04 winter the situation reversed itself.

And finally on the French side of the Valley rockfall continues to be aproblem on Mt Blanc’s Brenva face, and the old trident hut is now definitelygone – the nearest bivouac is on the Col de la Fourche. The Dent De Geant also sufferedbad stonefall in 2003 on the approach route and the base of the mountain isstill very unstable – it needed its teeth filling with a lot of snow!

Overon the Italian side of Mont Blanc a big rockfall has made the East Ridge of theAiguille Noire suspect. The 2003 heatwave also had a big affect on the localeconomy of the area; most of the outdoor shops in Courmeyeur reporting anupsurge in sport climbing gear, and a noticeable reduction in alpine equipmentby the end of the summer due to the wholesale change in climbing activity inthe area.

So if that’s the badnews, what is the good? One of the largest unaffected areas around Mt Blanc wasthe Aiguilles Rouges. Thispopular area unfortunately is always crowded because it is safe and often dryin summer when other alpine rock routes are not. The most popular venues are always the Index andGliere areas. TheWest Face of the Red Pillar on the Aiguille de Blaitiere is still fairlyunstable, and has suffered a lot of rockfall over the last 10 years. But therock routes Majorette Thatcher and Fidel Fiasco remain popular. Not all routes onthis face are bolted and some are very hard, so be aware. I remember rescuing acouple of Brits who had got their ropes caught abseiling in a storm after anaborted attempt on Thatcher. Going lightweight does not always work, andcertainly in this case the t-shirts the pair were wearing did not offer muchprotection from the driving sleet that had enveloped the face!

TheFrendo Spur on the Aiguille Du Midi has been in good condition over the lastfew years, but is not as described in the guide books!! With that caveat I think it is a good one todo as long as you are happy to tackle the long ice section at the top (the icecan be of an unpredictable quality).

Turmoil The Game

Overon the Central Pillar of Freney three people were killed in 2003 by stonefall whilsttraversing across to the base. Basically they were too late as they died around06.00-7.00 and should have been there by Midnight. The route is fine in summer,and is often dry, but make sure you set out much earlier than normal, and avoida retreat at all costs as the approach is tricky and is not nice to reverse.

Finallyin Chamonix the rock climbs on the Aiguille du Chamonix and the East Face of theTacul are all unaffected and offer good quality climbing. I am not sure about therock routes on the Petites Jorasses and the satellites around les Drus as Ihave heard conflicting reports about the nature of the rock post 2003.

The Swiss Valais Alps

Turmoil - The Heat Is On Crackle

Throughout the ’03 summerthe Matterhorn certainly had its fair share of media coverage. It was actuallyshut twice; the first time was in July when 70 people were evacuated from the Solvayemergency refuge high up on the Hornli Ridge. They watched in horror as continuousmassive rockfalls exploded below them at an altitude of 3,400 metres. The mountain wasshut from the Swiss side shortly afterwards as a security measure by officials in theValais Canton. This was to allow time for repairs to be made to the fixed ropesand to clear the debris from the ridge.

Noone was injured in the rockslide, which was surprising as up to 150 climbersattempt an ascent every day during the summer. “It’s only down to luck that itwasn’t more serious,” said Bruno Jelk, who coordinated the evacuation in July.

Vic Saunders was one of theairlifted in July. “I have never seen so much rock falling at one time”. And heused to climb with Mick Fowler! The second time the Matterhorn was shut for 3weeks both from Swiss and Italian sides. Thecause of the rockfall was attributed by climate specialists to the hightemperatures throughout the summer, which they said had probably caused amelting of the permafrost that binds the rocks together.

Rockfalls are not uncommon on the Matterhorn – I soloed the Hornli Ridge back in1983 and remember the large amount of loose “choss” on the hill, some of whichnearly wiped me out on the descent, having been knocked off by climbers aboveme.

Overin Grindewald the heat was also being blamed for causing massive chunks of iceto break away from a glacier above the popular Swiss resort in mid July 2003.The ice fell into a river, causing a two-metre high swell of water to barreldown the mountain. Blasphemous - digital comic crack. Police banned access to the Lütschine river and toldholidaymakers and locals to stand clear as the wave carrying a mass of mud androcks made its way towards Lake Brienz in the Bern Canton. A second, smallerwave followed two hours later after water trapped behind the fallen ice brokethrough. No damage was reported. No more movement was detected on theglacier. “It could be two weeks, twomonths or two years before we have this kind of situation again,” saidChristian Anderegg of the Grindelwald fire department.

Onthe Eiger it was the same story. The ice fields on the infamous North Face werereduced to gravel, and the White Spider section on the 1938 route disappearedby the end of July, making the face more dangerous than normal. These daysMarch seems the preferred month for ascents of this route. Probably as a resultof the above the East and West ridge routes on the Eiger are even more popularthan normal, and offer a good excuse for avoiding the North Face!

Aslike elsewhere in the Alps, this recent mountain destruction is not new inSwitzerland. The Swiss authorities have been wary of glacier movement in theAlps for many years, with icefalls causing major damage and deaths in the past.In 1965 part of the Allalin glacier came down on the construction site of theMattmark dam in the Saas valley near Zermatt, killing 88 workers in less than aminute.

WilfriedHaeberli, a glaciologist at Zurich University, explained that the winter’s snownow disappears so fast that the permafrost and glaciers were being melted. “TheMatterhorn relies on permafrost to stay together, just like the North Face ofthe Eiger of the Jungfraujoch,” said Haeberli. The ice specialist says the heatis akin to leaving a fridge door open. “Water starts to flow, and large chunksof rock begin to break away from the mountain,” he added. Haeberli said itisn’t just climbers who are threatened by the permafrost meltdown. Mountaininstallations such as cable cars or huts could also suffer damage. “We’ve knownabout this phenomenon for a long time, but people have not taken it seriouslyenough,” he said.

The Ecrins Massif:
And so to the EcrinsMassif, the most southerly of the alpine climbing areas. Basically the 2003 summer was pretty much business asusual. We always have low precipitation levels down here, a fact confirmed bythe 300 days of sunshine the region enjoys every year. So the massif has driedout many times before. Iguess the other thing to say is that the Ecrins Massif (or L’Oisans) is big –30 times larger than the Chamonix Valley and contains 4 different rock typesincluding Granite, Limestone, Quartzite and Conglomerate. So a review of thisarea in terms of what is IN and what is OUT is not a simple matter.

As regards events in 2003 there was not onecloudy day in March in the Hautes Alpes – unheard of – and yet in terms ofactual route change there was very little affected despite this prolonged dry,sunny period. The few exceptions include the north faces of the Pic Sans Nom, Pelvoux and Ailefroide which arenow considered dangerous in August due to increased rock fall. Homeworld: desserts of kharak download for macbook pro. The obviousroutes here which are now slightly more affected by rockfall are the classics VoieChapoutot (TD) and Aurore Nucleaire (ED) on the Central Pillar on the NorthFace of the Pic Sans Nom.

Over on the South Pillar of the Barre Des Ecrins things have changed. Now onlythe classic 1944 route (TD) is still safe, but climb quickly in the lower partespecially; summer ascentionists report hearing and seeing rock fall throughoutthe day. However, the regular route Voie Normale to the Summit of the Barre DesEcrins (at 4102m. the most southerly four thousander in Europe) remainsunaffected other than an increase in snow bridge collapse on the Glacier Blanc inthe height of summer – one for the aspiring alpinist in search of AD GrandVoies.

The approaches to a number of the routes on the South Face of The Meijehave got difficult starts these days due to glacial recession, leaving a tricky(poor rock) section to overcome in order to reach the first piton or bolt. Otherwisethe two obviousclassics, the Traverse, and the Allain route on the South Face remain very popular. The Allain route is a little difficult tofollow exactly but has good rock and a great summit. Probably VS/HVS depending on the line followed.

If you want to besuper cautious and yet enjoy big alpine objectives, the rock routes on the Aiguillede Sialouze, and on Pointe Louise (Glacier Blanc) offer easy access and soundalpine rock. For big wall/multi-pitch alpine rock without a glacial approachyou have many objectives including the 600m South Face of the Tete D’Aval (30+routes), and the sub-alpine range of the Massif Des Cerces. The Cerces itselfis big with six distinct areas, over 100 routes from Facile to Abominable + andup to 400m in length. All of the climbs in the Cerces are unaffected bypermafrost reduction seen elsewhere.

So what is the generaladvice for summer alpine climbing these days? I think firstly, if climbing inJuly and August try and choose alpine bolted rock climbs. The North East Pillaron the Pic Sans Nom here in Les Ecrins is a good example of a safe alpineclimb, possible even in the middle of the summer heat – 25 pitches with nodanger from rockfall above as the top is an independent summit, away from andnot underneath the main summit.

If you want to getamongst the mixed, try and go for snow and ice grande courses like the VoieNormale on the Barre Des Ecrins, which is possible from mid June to midSeptember without snow shoes. Another example is the NE slope of the Courteswhich usually stays safe throughout the summer. As for high mountain goulottesor ice routes, which are becoming increasingly popular, go in late spring or atthe very start of summer. But if you do decide to go early be prepared to hiresnow shoes or short skis; April to early May are the ski touring months in thehigh mountains,and you will need more than just leg power to get around the hills!

Turmoil - The Heat Is On Crack Filler

Avoid the peaksummer months of July and August if at all possible. Remember the French taketheir holidays between the 15^th July and 15^th August. Earlyseason from say early June to mid July is often better because there are lesspeople, cheaper accommodation, safer glacier crossings, and better snowconditions up high.

Remember to stay offglaciers and glacier approaches in high summer (July/August), and scout out routes in advanceif possible (i.e. bivvi nearby or ask people who have done the route recently).Do stick to rock routes that follow solid lines or snow/ice routes that havetraditionally stable slopes, and do practise crevasserescue at the start of your alpine season.

Avoid icy/snowy topsand look for solid rock ridges or pillars leading to a saddle or col so thereis no danger from falling ice or rock higher up. Look for compact rock andpeaks that have a good reputation as regards rockfall, such as the GrandCapucin. And finally, always seek advice and network around for up to date,reliable information. Don’t take my or anybody elses word for it. Routeinformation can go out of date very quickly – the mountains of the world are inconstant change – and now we all haveaccess to the world wide web there really is no excuse. A few hours surfing thenet just might save your life and ensure that you have a really great alpinetrip.

Turmoil Free

The good news isthat we got what we all wanted at the end of 2003 which was a really goodautumn/winter with a lot of precipitation above 2000m. Here in the Ecrins wewere ski touring in deep powder as early as the end of October that year, andour local ski resorts of Serre Chevalier and Montgenevre were opened a fullmonth earlier than normal. The mountain“glue” was replaced as the snow filled the fissures both on the mountains andon the glaciers.